KIDNEY CANCER

potentially curative treatment of renal cell carcinoma

KIDNEY CANCER.

The presence of kidney cancer is rarely discovered. When you have reached a serious stage that was in stage four then it is successful in effect. This situation may be due to kidney cancer are not 'stand out' as breast cancer is often a crowd to cause any individual who is not so ignore the disease.

Consultant Clinical Oncologist Wijaya International Medical Centre, Datuk Dr Mohd Ibrahim A Wahid said, although the cancer does not appear grander in the eyes of the public, but it still needs to take note. Serious stages of kidney cancer known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

EARLY SIGNS OF EXPERIENCE RCC
* Urinary bleeding (hematuria)
* Pain in the ribs
* Back pain
* There is a lump on the rib cage and abdomen
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
* Fever
* Excessive fatigue
* Increased blood pressure

However, in Malaysia is still low rate of people with RCC. 85 percent of reported cases are mostly found in men aged 60 to 70 years.

An estimated 100,000 patients died of RCC diagnosed worldwide each year. Surgery is the most common treatment. Typically, the surgeon will remove the entire kidney along with the adrenal gland and kidney tissue in sekeling. It aims to prevent the cancer returned to attack but he can not guarantee the effectiveness of the process because 33 percent of patients will suffer from the cancer returned.

Surgery is only performed on stage kidney cancer patients one to three only. For the suffering RCC, it needed another form of treatment because the cancer cells have spread to other organs. What is needed is a way to curb the spread of cancer cells and slow the growth of cancer cells from spreading.

The Chinese community is suffering more. Is not clear exactly causes it happened. Those who have unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, high blood pressure and smoking are the most vulnerable groups for RCC.

But now there is a new form of treatment for patients with RCC using a Torisel (temsirolimus), but it has side effects such as rashes, fatigue, sore mouth, nausea, swelling of body, poor appetite, increased pressure of sugar and high cholesterol.

FACTS ABOUT KIDNEY CANCER

* Kidney (renal) are two organs which have a reddish brown beans are located above the waist, one on each side of the spine.

* The main function of the kidneys is to filter blood and produce urine to cleanse the body of wastes.

* Cancer cells that are abnormally produced in the body of a person and a group of cancerous cells called tumors. If not treated it can grow and spread to other parts of the body.

* Until 2005, the selection of treatment for RCC is very limited and only involves surgery for early stage cancer of one to three.

* An estimated two percent to three percent of reported cancer involving the RCC.

* Women who received radiation therapy for uterine examination may have a slightly increased risk of kidney cancer.

* Patients who are undergoing kidney dialysis and those with a family history of RCC in a higher risk of suffering from RCC.

* Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) disease, the individual who has inherited a much higher risk of RCC, and tumors in other organs.

* The use of Torisel (Temsirolimus) is a treatment once a week to enable a drug used to enter the bloodstream directly.

renal-cell-carcinoma  known as renal cell cancer

 Papillary Renal (kidney) Carcinoma (cancer)

BREAST CANCER

 

 

 

 

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas.

Prognosis and survival rate varies greatly depending on cancer type and staging. Computerized models are available to predict survival. With best treatment and dependent on staging, 10-year disease-free survival varies from 98% to 10%. Treatment includes surgery, drugs (hormonal therapy and chemotherapy), and radiation.

Worldwide, breast cancer comprises 10.4% of all cancer incidence among women, making it the most common type of non-skin cancer in women and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. In 2004, breast cancer caused 519,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths). Breast cancer is about 100 times more common in women than in men, although males tend to have poorer outcomes due to delays in diagnosis.

Some breast cancers are sensitive to hormones such as estrogen and/or progesterone which makes it possible to treat them by blocking the effects of these hormones in the target tissues. These have better prognosis and require less aggressive treatment than hormone negative cancers.

Breast cancers without hormone receptors, or which have spread to the lymph nodes in the armpits, or which express certain genetic characteristics, are higher-risk, and are treated more aggressively. One standard regimen, popular in the U.S., is cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin (Adriamycin), known as CA; these drugs damage DNA in the cancer, but also in fast-growing normal cells where they cause serious side effects. Sometimes a taxane drug, such as docetaxel, is added, and the regime is then known as CAT; taxane attacks the microtubules in cancer cells. An equivalent treatment, popular in Europe, is cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), are used for cancer cells that have HER2/neu overexpressed. Radiation is usually added to the surgical bed to control cancer cells that were missed by the surgery, which usually extends survival, although radiation exposure to the heart may cause damage and heart failure in the following years.

For more information you can check at the follow url http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer

BRAIN CANCER

Brain cancer symptoms: Do I have a brain cancer?

Brain cancer symptoms vary from patient to patient, and most of these symptoms can also be found in people who do NOT have brain cancers. Therefore, the only sure way to tell if you have a brain cancer or not is to see your doctor and get a brain scan. We did a survey of over 400 brain cancer patients to learn what symptoms they had that caused them to seek medical care. 

BLADDER CANCER

Bladder: Urothelial carcinomas

(Bladder carcinoma)

Bladder cancer is any malignancy of the urinary bladder. Each year, more than 50,000 Americans are diagnosed with the disease, which cause about 11,000 deaths. Men outnumber women three to one and the incidence is higher among whites than other races.

SKIN CANCER

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

(Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas)

Skin cancer is by far the most prevalent malignancy in the United States, with more than 800,000 cases a year. The two most common forms are basal cell carninoma, which arises in the lowest part of the epidermis or surface layer of the skin and squamous cells carcinoma, which originates in the cells that make up the skins outer surface. Both types are readily curable if detected early and treated properly.

These two cancers are heralded by growths or skin sores that do not heal. A basal cell cancer is typically an irregular shape. It may appear as a flat  spot or a firm lump that is scaly and crusty or smooth and shiny. A squamous cell cancer also appears as a scaly or crusty patch that may bleed occasionally.

Squamous cell cancers develop most often on the rim of the ear, the mouth and scalps of bald men. People with fair skin, red hair and blue eyes are most vulnarable to both cancer types.

Excessive exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays is the most common cause of skin cancer. Occupational exposure to coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic and radium also increase the risk.

Diagnostic Studies And Procedures

A dermatologist often suspects skin cancer from the appearance of a sore or other lesion but a skin biopsy is essential to make a definitive diagnosis and to determine the type.

These  skin cancers rarely metastasize to distant parts of the body but the squamous cell type may invade nearby organs. Thus, MRI or a CT scan may be ordered if the cancer is near the eyes or other pathway to the brain.

Medical Treatments

Removal is the usual treatment for skin cancer, although radiation is sometimes used when surgery is not possible. Chemotherapy with topical 5-fluorouracil may also be considered.

There are several different surgical methods; the choice depends on the cancer appearance, size, location and type. A small surface cancer can be treated with curettage - the scraping away of the cancerous tissue with a sharp surgical instrument. Bleeding is stopped with electrodesiccation, the use of an electric needle that also cauterizes a zone of normal tissue surrounding the lesion, reducing the likelihood of recurrence.

Dilation Curettage Set

Cryosurgery is the use of liquid nitrogen spray or a device called a cryoprobe to freeze the cancerous tissue and destroy the malignant cells with minimal scarring. Laser surgery can also be used to pinpoint and kill certain types of skin cancer cells

Surgical excision involves removing the growth along with a margin of normal tissue, then closing the wound with stitches or skin clips. A skin graft and plastic surgery may be needed.

In the Mohs procedure, layers of tissue are cut away in an expending circle around the cancer and each layer is examnied microscopically to determine the extent of malignant cells. Successive layers are removed until only normal tissue is found. Plastic surgery may be needed as a follow-up procedure.

Alternative Therapies

Meditation, hypnosis and visualization can be helpful in controlling pain and promoting healing. A diet that includes foods rich in antioxidants - vitamins C, E and A (or beta carotine, its precursor), can help protect against cancer. Vitamin E oil applied to the excised areas may hasten healing and reduce scarring but check with your doctor before applying this (or anything else) to the wound.

Self-Treatment

While self-treatment cannot cure skin cancer, it is the key to prevention and avoiding recurrences, because most skin cancers are related to damage from the sun's ultraviolet rays, you should minimize your exposure. Avoid being outside during the peak sunlight hours from 10am to 2pm. If you must be out then, wear a hat with a wide brim and loose fitting but tightly woven clothing that covers most exposed skin. Use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 on remaining exposed skin; reapply it often. For a baby, ask your doctor to recommend a safe sunscreen and make sure that she wears a sun hat and protective clothing.

Remember  that sand, snow and water reflect the sun's rays and thus magnify their potential harm to skin. Tanning booths and sun lamps can also give off harmful ultraviolet rays..

Other Causes of Skin Lesions

Moles, warts and other benign skin growths and discolorations sometimes resemble skin cancer. Skin disorders such as psoriasis and dermatitis can be confused with malignant lesions.

SKIN SELF-EXAMINATION

Know the warning signs of skin cancer and examine your skin thoroughly and regularly in a brightly lit room. Examine your body front and back, then the right and left sides with arms raised. Check your forearms, upper underarms and palms carefully. Examine the feet, including the spaces between toes and the soles. Look at the back of the neck and the scalp. Part the hair and lift it for a closer look. Check the lower back and buttocks. See a doctor promptly if you note the appearance of:

> Any new skin growth that does not disappear in four to six weeks.

> Any lesion that grows and turns translucent, brown, black or multicolored.

> Any mole, birthmark or beauty mark that increases in size changes color or texture or develops an irregular outline.

> Any open sore or wound that does not heal for more than four weeks or heals and then recurs.

> Any skin spot or growth that continues to itch, hurt, crust over, form a scab, erode or bleed for several weeks.